Hindi Name : Rati Sanskrit Name : Gunja
English Name : Indian liquorice root
Latin Name : Abrus precatorius Pennel
Abrus precatorius is a slender, perennial climber that twines around trees, shrubs, and hedges. Leaves are glabrous with long internodes. It has a slender branch and a
cylindrical wrinkled stem with a smooth-textured brown bark. Flowers are small and pale violet in colour with a short stalk, arranged in clusters. The fruit, which is a
pod, is flat, oblong and truncate-shaped with a sharp deflexed beak is about 3 to 4.5 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, and silky-textured. Each fruit contains from 3 to 5
oval-shaped seeds, about 0.6 cm.They are usually bright scarlet in colour with a smooth, glossy texture, and a black patch on top.
Application
The Abrus seeds are considered poisonous in Ayurveda and a specific method has been written to purify them. The purified Abrus is a nerve stimulant and is used in
vata disorders like joint pains and paralysis. The paste of seeds is applied locally in alopecia and skin diseases. It has also been mentioned as a contraceptive in
Ayurveda.
Chemical Composition
Five glycoproteins have been purified from the seeds. They are Abrus agglutinin (a haemagglutinin) and the toxic principles abrins [a] to [d]. The seeds also contain an
amino acid known as abrine (N-methyl- L-tryptophan), glycyrrhizin and a lipolytic enzyme. The roots, stems, and leaves also contain glycyrrhizin.
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